Phototoxic and Photoallergic Reactions
نویسنده
چکیده
Phototoxicity and photoallergy are different expressions of an abnormal skin reaction from the exposure to light, usually enhanced by endogenous or exogenous substances that are selectively activated by solar radiation. This can occur with artificial light sources (sun lumps used for aesthetic or therapeutic purposes or ultraviolet (UV) sources in occupational settings), but mostly occur on sun exposure. From the solar spectrum that reaches the earth, UV radiation, and particularly UVA (320–400 nm), is responsible for most cases of photosensitivity. Even though some chromophores absorb in the UVB (290–320 nm) and UVB is more energetic, UVA penetrates the skin more deeply and, particularly for systemic chromophores, this is certainly the most important spectrum for inducing photodermatosis [1]. Only exceptional reports have a welldocumented exogenous photosensitivity exclusively from UVB [2]. Photosensitivity from topical agents, once frequent and often associated with persistent reactions to light, is now becoming rare [3, 4], as the main topical photosensitizers are removed from the market, or maybe photosensitivity is underreported or underdiagnosed [5]. On the other hand, and even though sun avoidance is recommended in those exposed to known photosensitizers, new drugs are reported to have photosensitizing properties, eventually associated with late problems. Therefore, photosensitivity is still a problem and a field on intense research. New photosensitizers are reported as a cause of skin disease, whereas others are used for phtnototherapy. Studies are still being undertaken on the mechanisms and chromophores, responsible for diseases associated with photosensitivity, such as HIV infection [6, 7]. [AU1] Phototoxic and Photoallergic Reactions
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Phototoxic and photoallergic skin reactions.
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